US Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs

Question: Discuss about the US Department of Justice for the Office of Justice Programs? Answer: The general topic of discussion in the given article is about how certain criminal gangs in California took over the prison California prison. The article describes the violence between the inmates of the California six prison gangs namely the Nuestra Familia, the Mexican Mafia, the Aryan Brotherhood, the Black Guerrilla Family, the Northern Structure and or the Nazi Lowriders. All these gangs were so violent that they were kept in separate cells, and if the cells were open together, the outcome was a blast of violence, which was almost impossible for the handle. The crime and justice concept of these prison inmates are complicated to understand. These prison gangs work in secrecy and kill the members who reveal their secrets. The unity of these prison gangs helps the prison to run its functions more smoothly. As these gangs impose responsibilities of each member, they as they prison gangs follows a particular type of governance by such distribution of work, they help the prison unknowingly. The prison gangs follow justice structure of their own and maintain a bad-news list of people who have not paid their debts back. The article suggests about an economic school of thoughts theory namely the rational choice theory. This theory directs to examine human behavior by analyzing it through reasonable decisions taken by the economic actors. In short, this theory states that human behavior, which initially seems irrational and crazy is actually on analysis rational. The theory traditionally suggests that the criminals are to be treated to be people who are mentally defective and lack the rationality to control their impulses. As the criminals choose to calculate the rationality of their actions and find it reasonable, the said theory is called the rational-choice theory. The primary question that this article arose was why these prison gangs created in the first place was. The question, which required analysis, is that there was the existence of prisons in California from centuries then hat was the reason of prison gangs to form in the current age and not in the past. The first prison gang formed in the mid-90s, irrespective of the fact that there were several street criminals forming gangs for centuries. Before these prison gangs developed, the prisoners followed discipline and the convict code; however, a study in the formation of these prison gangs became necessary to bring back discipline and control in the prisons. The data that is used in the present article is based on various articles and journals written by various economists and experts suggesting their outlook on what they related prison gangs with and how the same were developed. Many articles were written which provided research papers by different academic professionals and scholars have given important inputs in the said articles. However, the observation of the correction officer working in the prison and for handling these prisoners were the most vital research work which is used in the said article. The said article is a qualitative research design from interviewing officers who handle and are in direct contact with these prison gangs who are the primary subject to which the articles relates. The article has also provided certain examples where it is evident that there was enough field observation of the prison gang inmates before writing the said article. The article has discussed various aspects of the lives of these inmates on how these prison gangs survive even after the significant violence they face from each other. Therefore, to study their lives closely was primarily relevant to analysis their survival trends. The author has provided a significant outlook on how prison gangs operate and survive in the California prisons. The author of the article has provided an accurate overlook of the lives of these gangs and it was very beneficial to read the same for a better and a clear understanding on how street crime is different from prison gangs. The knowledge that one can gain from reading the said article is having a complete knowledge about prison gangs in the criminal justice system of California (Howell Gleason, 1999). 2: The said article talks about various issues faced by the youth gang. The article proposes to clarify the misconception that is developed over the years relating youth gangs. Youth gangs is defined as a group of young people in a particular jurisdiction, who are describes as a gang by the communities that live around them due to the activities they are involved in. The issues are related to youth migration, female involvement in gangs, violence, drugs. The article also suggests the dangers, risks, the possible solution for people, and other youths who live around in the same community as that of these youth gangs. This article suggests how youth gangs in the United States of America get involve in serious offenses. The Article suggests that the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preventions (OJJDPs) is taken analysis the issues related to youth gang crimes and trying to solve the youth gang issues for the betterment of society. The reports of their analysis revealed that the youth gangs are involved with selling drugs, which lead them into the world of crimes forcing them to commit other serious offenses. The article suggests that the issues of the youth gang need to be resolved using the prevention theory. The youth gangs need to be handled with more comprehensive outlook involving prevention, involvement and repression theories. This is required to be done because the law enforcement department in case of youth gangs are dealing with people of tender age who should be corrected and prevented from becoming serious offenders in the future involved in crimes like murder, rape, trafficking. The most primary question in the article is whether youth gang involvement in drug sales is leading them to the world of crimes and forcing them to be serious offenders. The article also questions how much drug sale in every jurisdiction, which consists of youth gangs, they and the age group, sex, ethnicity and race of the members of these youth gangs control. The law enforcement agencies of every jurisdiction are the primary sources of data specifying all the details of these youth gangs by various surveys they have conducted to study carefully and analyze their working and what crimes these youth gangs commit primarily. Therefore, the 1996 Youth Gang Survey conducted by the law enforcement agencies provided the most significant data into the legal issues of these youth gangs. This article is both a commentary which provides an analysis of the 1996 Youth Gang Survey conducted by law enforcement agencies in the United States of America which uses quantitative data with the help of statistical displays for providing a clear understanding of the said matter. The article explicitly studies about the youth gangs involvement in drug sale and drug trafficking. The article also suggests that the said issue is more related to young adults rather than juveniles. The said article is a significant outcome of extensive research in the crimes conducted by the youth gangs. The said article provides enough data for further study and analysis in the said matter to come up with a policy or legislation to combat the said problem. The article recommends the most suitable method to fight youth gang issues not letting its negative impact influence the communities that are living in the same jurisdiction as that of these youth gangs. The article provides an excellent analysis of the youth gang issues in United States of America. And the statistical figures mentioned in the article will be of great help in academic projects about the said matter. As the article has provided almost every information required in the said matter, it is very vital for the study involving youth gang issues and how the problem will be resolved with combined efforts of community and law enforcement agencies (Wood, 2016). Reference List Howell, J. C., Gleason, D. K. (1999).Youth gang drug trafficking. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Wood, G. (2016).How Gangs Took Over Prisons.The Atlantic. Retrieved 7 February 2016, from https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/09/how-gangs-took-over-prisons/379330/